Volume 14 (2025) Download Cover Page

Educating for a Greener Future: Sustainability Thinking in International English Language Textbooks

Article Number: e2025022  |  Published Online: January 2025  |  DOI: 10.22521/edupij.2025.14.22

Samih Al Karasneh , Rania Qassrawi , Ali Al-Barakat , Bushra Alakashee , Najeh Alsalhi , Sami Alqatawneh

Abstract

Background/purpose. Education is crucial for fostering sustainability awareness and thinking among university students in a world increasingly defined by mounting environmental crises. Textbooks, as fundamental learning resources, have the potential to shape the minds of global citizens by offering insights into contemporary environmental challenges. This study aimed to investigate the promotion of sustainable thinking in international English language textbooks by incorporating Green Education elements throughout various aspects of the Unlock English series.  

Materials/methods. In light of the research objectives, a series of textbooks (A1, A2, B1, and B2 levels) from the Unlock series has been analyzed using content analysis and criteria developed by the researchers, which covered various dimensions of Green Education.

Results. The findings revealed that the textbooks moderately included Green Education components, primarily focusing on increasing students' environmental awareness. However, there was a noticeable lack of content aimed at developing personal environmental values, critical thinking skills, and active participation in action-oriented activities. In contrast, the textbooks were found to have the potential to enhance sustainability thinking among university students.

Conclusion.  The study concluded that there is a need for a more balanced inclusion of Green Education components across textbooks of various language proficiency levels to promote holistic, sustainable thinking.

Keywords: sustainability thinking, green education, English textbooks

References

Aithal, S., & Aithal, S. (2016). Opportunities and challenges for green technology in the 21st century. Srinivas Institute of Management Studies, Pandeshwar, Mangalore, India, Department of Chemistry, Srinivas School of Engineering, Mukka, Mangalore, India.

Alqiawi, D. A. (2016). Content analysis of the English language textbooks based on education for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development, 5(1). ISSN 2250-1991.

Awayed-Bishara, M. (2015). Analyzing the cultural content of materials used for teaching English to high school speakers of Arabic in Israel. Discourse & Society, 26(5), 517–542. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926515581154

Badea, L., Șerban-Oprescu, G. L., Dedu, S., & Piroșcă, G. I. (2020). The impact of education for sustainable development on Romanian economics and business students’ behavior. Sustainability, 12, 8169. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198169

Chakraborty, A., Singh, M. P., & Roy, M. (2018). A study of goal frames shaping pro-environmental behavior in university students. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 18(7), pp. 1291-1310. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-10-2016-0185

Charoensil, De., Thiengkamol, N., Kurukodt, J. & Thiengkamo, Ch. (2012). Development of Environmental Education Characteristics. The Social Sciences. 7. 496-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.496.501

García-González, A., García Palencia, S., & Sánchez Ondoño, I. (2021). Characterization of environmental education in Spanish geography textbooks. Sustainability, 13(3), 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031159

Henny, I., Tambusai, A., & Hasibuan, A. L. (2022). The effect of questioning technique and critical thinking on students' reading comprehension. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE), 01(01), 159. e-ISSN: 2830-7933. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v1i1.44

Huckle, J., & Wals, A. (2015). The UN decade of education for sustainable development: business as usual in the end. Environmental Education Research, 21(3), 491–505, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1011084

Kazemi, A., Aidinlou, A., & Asl, D. (2017). Manifestations of globalization and linguistic imperialism in English language teaching and materials preparation: Ideology in the international ELT textbooks. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 5(2), 223-246.

Köroğlu, Z., & Elban, M. (2020). National and global identity perspectives of textbooks: Towards a Sense of Global Identity. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11, 55-65.

Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of bloom’s taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2  

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.

Liondos, V. (2022). Sustainability in the English School Textbooks: The Case of English Language Textbooks taught in the Greek Primary School. Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(09), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v1i09.49

Louw, P. (2013). Green Curriculum: Sustainable learning at a higher education institution. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i1.1310

Lozano, R., Merrill, M. Y., Sammalisto, K., Ceulemans, K., & Lozano, F. J. 2017. Connecting competences and pedagogical approaches for sustainable development in higher education: A literature review and framework proposal. Sustainability, 9(10), 1889.

McKay, S. L. (2000). Teaching English as an international language: implications for cultural materials in the classroom. TESOL Journal, 9(4), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1949-3533.2000.tb00276.x

Mohammadnia, Z., & Moghadam, F. D. (2019). Textbooks as resources for education for sustainable development: A content analysis. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 21(1), 103-114. DOI: 10.2478/jtes-2019-0008.

Oroujlou, N., & Vahedi, M. (2011). Motivation, attitude, and language learning. In International conference on education and educational psychology (ICEEPSY 2011) (pp. 994-1000). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 994-1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.333

Parr, A., Binagwaho, A., Stirling, A., Davies, A., Mbow, C., Hessen, D. O., Bonciani Nader, H., Salmi, J., Brown Burkins, M., Ramakrishna, S., Serrano, S., Schmelkes, S., Tong, S., & McCowan, T. (2022). Knowledge-driven Actions: Transforming Higher Education for Global Sustainability. UNESCO Global Independent Expert Group on the Universities and the 2030 Agenda, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380519

Priyanti, N. (2019). The effects of an EFL textbook on learners’ identity construction. Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah, 15(2), 187 - 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/pji.v15i2.1661

Purcell, W. M., Henriksen, H. and Spengler, J.D. (2019). "Universities as the engine of transformational sustainability toward delivering the sustainable development goals: “Living labs” for sustainability," International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 20 No. 8, pp. 1343–1357. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-02-2019-0103

Rao, S. (2019). The role of English as a global language. Research Journal Of English (RJOE),  4(1), 65.

Rentawati, H., Djidu, H., Apino, K., & Anazifa, R., (2018). Teachers’ Knowledge About Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Its Learning Strategy. Problems of Education in 21st Century, 76 (2), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/18.76.215  

Şeker, M. A study on how environmental issues are discussed in social studies textbooks. Environ Dev Sustain 26, 21325–21352 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03532-2

Shabiralyani, G., Hasan, K. S., Hamad, N., & Iqbal, N. (2015). impact of visual aids in enhancing the learning process: Case research in district Dera Ghazi Khan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 226. ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online).

Strietska-Ilina, O., Hofmann, C., Durán Haro, M., & Jeon, S. (2021). Skills for Green Jobs: A Global View - Synthesis Report Based on 21 Country Studies. International Labour Office, Geneva.

Tevdovska, E. (2018). Authentic materials vs. textbooks in ESP (English for specific purposes).   Journal of Languages for Specific Purposes. 5( 1), 57-66(10).

Ullah, R., Khalil, M., & Zahoor-ul-Haq, D. (2017). Inclusion of pro-environmental education in textbooks at the elementary and secondary level: A review of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Pakistan. Aussie-Sino Studies, 3(3), September.

UNESCO, (2023). Empowering Youth for Sustainable Development: The Role of Media and Information Literacy in Promoting Green Skills. Retrieved on October 2023, From: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/empowering-youth-sustainable-development

United Nations (2003).  United Nations Environment Programme: Report of the Governing Council Twenty-second session (3-7 February 2003). New York. file:///Users/bayan/Downloads/A_58_25-EN.pdf

United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015. Retrieved from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/summit

United Nations, (2023a). Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR). Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development. Retrieved in September 2023 from: https://sdgs.un.org/gsdr/gsdr2023.

United Nations (2023b). The 17 Goals. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development (2023). New York.  Retrieved in October 2023 from: https://sdgs.un.org/goals

Yarbro, J. (2022). Green skills: Preparing learners for the green economy. REMOTE: The Connected Faculty Summit. Arizona State University.

Zahoor, M., & Janjua, F. (2018). Green contents in English language textbooks in Pakistan: An Eco linguistic and eco-pedagogical appraisal. British Educational Research Journal. 46(2), 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3579.

Announcement

EDUPIJ Citation Metrics

EDUPIJ News!

► Educational Process International Journal has changed to publish in article number order instead of in page range order beginning with Volume 14 (2025).