Abstract

 Conclusion. Findings provide a clear baseline profile of exam anxiety among high-achieving undergraduates in this context. Targeted supports for females, second-year cohorts, and engineering majors are recommended, and the scale appears suitable for ongoing monitoring in similar settings.

Keywords: Level of exam anxiety, academically outstanding students, university, higher education, Ajman University.

Abdul Rahim, N. A. R. (1989). Exam anxiety: Concept, treatment, and measurement. Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.

Abu Foudeh, B. K. S. (2016). Estimating the reliability of university grades in a sample of courses at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University in light of some variables. Journal of Educational Sciences, 28(1), 19–42.

Abu-Ghararah, A. H. (1999). Learning anxiety and English language achievement of male and female students of university and secondary stages in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah: A comparative research study. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Educational Sciences, 12(1), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.4197/EDU.12-1.2

Al-Ajmi, M. M. (1999). The relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement among female students at the College of Education for Girls in Al-Ahsa (arts departments). Resalat Al-Khaleej Al-Arabi, 20(72), 15–51. https://doi.org/10.35270/0011-020-072-00

Al-Dhamin, M. (2015). Psychological Counseling: Its Theoretical and Technical Foundations. Haneen Publishing and Distribution.

Al-Hijjar, M. H. D. (1986). A brief in clinical psychology. Tarbin Printing Press.

Al-Huwaila, A. (2013). Anxiety and muscle relaxation: Concepts, theories, and treatment. Atirak for Printing.

Al-Khatib, J. (2006). Preparing and writing university theses: A practical guide for graduate students. Dar Al-Fikr.

Al-Khezy, F. A. (2013). The effect of test anxiety on the performance of a sample of College of Education students at Kuwait University in electronic exams: A descriptive correlational study]. International Journal for Research in Education, (33), 58–90.

Almazghoob, I. S. (2011). The difference in intelligence and exam anxiety between high- and low-achieving students at the 7th of April University, Libya. The International Journal for Talent Development, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.20428/ijtd.v2i1.668

Al-Sadhan, A. N. (2004). The relationship between recreation and academic excellence: A field study on third-grade high school students in Riyadh city. The Educational Journal, 18(70), 197–239. https://doi.org/10.34120/joe.v18i70.1715

Alsalhi, N. R., & Al-Qatawneh, S. S. (2022). The relationship between academic achievement and psychological factors among university students: A case study. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 16(3), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.xxxxxx/jesp.2022.16.3.45

Alsalhi, N. R., Al-Qatawneh, S., Eltahir, M. E., & Aqel, K. (2021). Does blended learning improve the academic achievement of undergraduate students in the mathematics course?: A case study in higher education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(4), em1951. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/10781

Al-Sayhi, S. (2009). Test anxiety and some contributing factors among students. Journal of Human and Natural Sciences, 7, 89.

Al-Shammari, B. (2014). Topics in psychology. Kanooz Publishing and Distribution.

Al-Zagoul, I. A. R., Talafha, F. T., & Al-Mahamid, S. O. (2012). The effect of using the strategy of clarifying behavioral objectives and training on how to formulate questions in reducing test anxiety among learners. Damascus University Journal for Educational and Psychological Sciences, 28(1), 393–417. (Arabic).

Al-Zayyat, F. M. (2002). Mentally gifted students with learning difficulties: Issues of definition, diagnosis, and treatment. University Publishing House.

Ayanwale, M. A., Adegbite, S. K., & Salami, A. A. (2024). The influence of test anxiety on academic performance among high-achieving students: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 42(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeps.2024.01.007

Chai, C. S., Li, H., & Song, Y. (2023). Anxiety, academic stress, and achievement motivation in university students: Mediating roles of coping strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 118, 102135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102135

Dodeen, H. (2004). Students' problems in exams and ways to address them. Al-Falah Library.

Dora, A. (2012). The contribution of self-control, emotion regulation, and gender to test anxiety of university students (Master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Turkey.

Ebrahimi, M., & Khoshimi, H. (2014). On the association between test anxiety and emotional intelligence considering demographic information: A case of Iranian EFL university students. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 2(7), 147–157.

El-Nashawy, & Elimam, K. A. (1997). Self-esteem and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and social shyness among students of the Faculty of Specific Education – Mansoura University. Journal of the Faculty of Arts Research, Menoufia University, 8(28), 11–39.

Ghbari, T., & Abu Shaqira, K. (2015). Adjustment: Problems and solutions. Modern Arab Society Library.

Haddad, A. (2014). The effectiveness of a training program on the concept of positive thinking in reducing test anxiety among a sample of tenth-grade female students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].

Hashmat, S., Hashmat, M., Amanullah, F., & Aziz, S. (2008). Factors causing exam anxiety in medical students. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58(4), 167–170.

Jiang, X., & Lu, Z. (2025). Exploring writing anxiety and its impact on TOEFL performance among Chinese senior high school students: Causes, correlates, and pedagogical implications: A mixed methods study. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1), 4370–4388. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.6330

Kisker, G. W. (1977). The disorganized personality (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Maali, I. (2014). The effect of a group program on improving study motivation and reducing test anxiety among basic stage students. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, University of Jordan, 41(2), 932–943.

Othman, F. (2001). Anxiety and psychological stress management. Arab Thought House.

Rajiah, K., Coumaravelou, S., & Ying, O. (2014). Relationship of test anxiety, psychological distress, and academic motivation among first-year undergraduate pharmacy students. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(2), 68–72.